The rules of the very small: quanta, waves, atoms, nuclei and qubits.
Blackbody Radiation & the Ultraviolet Catastrophe The Photoelectric Effect Compton Scattering The Sun's Surface Temperature Star Colour Photon Energy Photoelectron Speed and Energy Photon Momentum and Force Photosynthesis X-Ray Scattering Pair Production The Double Slit, One Particle at a Time de Broglie Waves & Electron Diffraction The Uncertainty Principle The Free Particle: Plane Waves & Wave Packets Snapshots of a Falling Rock: Probability Density Released From a Box: A Free Particle Spreads How Many Photons Does a Lamp Emit? Wavelength of a Ball Wavelength of an Electron Electron Diffraction Position Uncertainty of an Electron Position Uncertainty of a Baseball J/ψ Lifetime Calculated The Schrödinger Equation: What It Actually Says The Infinite Square Well (Particle in a Box) The Finite Square Well The Quantum Harmonic Oscillator Quantum Tunnelling: Scattering off a Barrier A Parabola in a Box: Expanding in Stationary States The Variational Principle: Bounding the Ground State A Well That Suddenly Expands Perturbation Theory: Raising Part of the Floor The Quantum Bouncing Neutron: WKB With One Hard Wall Zero-Point Energy: Electron, Proton or Bacterium in a Box Free Electron Electron in an Infinite Well Calculating a Normalisation Constant Probability Near the Centre of a Box Probability in a Quarter of the Box Most Likely and Average Positions Barrier Penetration Discovering the Electron: Thomson & Millikan Rutherford Scattering: Finding the Nucleus Atomic Structure: The Bohr Model Atomic Spectra & Lasers X-ray Spectra & Moseley's Law Angular Momentum, Spin & Magnetic Moments The Hydrogen Atom: Orbitals, Not Orbits Identical Particles: Bosons vs. Fermions Electron Configurations & the Periodic Table Molecular Bonding & Spectra Semiconductors & Band Gaps The p–n Junction: Diodes, LEDs & Solar Cells The Infinite Spherical Well: A Quantum Dot Two Particles in a Box: Bosons, Fermions & the Exchange Force Identify the Element from Its X-ray Line Wavelength of a Lyman Line Wavelength of a Balmer Line Absorption Wavelength He⁺ Ionisation Energy Hydrogen at 20 °C Possible States for n = 3 E and L for n = 3 Most Probable Radius Probability Within 2r₀ Which Configurations Are Possible? Sodium Chloride Bond Bond Length Nucleotide Energy Reduced Mass Rotational Transition Wavelength for H₂ Vibrational Energy Levels in Hydrogen The HCl Molecule Electron States in Copper The Fermi Level Incorrect Classical Calculation Calculating the Energy Gap Free Electrons in Semiconductors and Insulators Which Is Transparent? Are Holes Real? Adding Angular Momenta: the Vector Model Fine Structure of Hydrogen Hyperfine Structure The Zeeman Effect NMR: Protons Precessing in an MRI Scanner From Bohr Levels to Hyperfine: the Energy Ladder Nuclear Physics: Radioactive Decay & Half-Life Radioactive Dating Nuclear Binding Energy The Standard Model of Particle Physics Particle Conservation Laws Forces and Their Carriers Gamow's Theory of Alpha Decay A Decay Chain: Activities and Equilibrium Nuclear and Atomic Densities Helium Mass vs Its Parts Binding Energy for Iron Binding Energy of the Last Neutron Uranium Decay Energy Release Kinetic Energy of the α Energy Release in Carbon-14 Decay Sample Activity Activity Versus Half-Life A Sample of Radioactive Nitrogen-13 Deuterium Reaction A Slow-Neutron Reaction Will the Reaction Go? Using Cross Section Counting Nucleons High Resolution with Electrons Cyclotron Protons at Relativistic Speeds Speed of a 1.0 TeV Proton Energy and Momentum Are Conserved Quark Combinations Beta Decay Range of the Weak Force Symmetry Two-Level Systems & Rabi Oscillations Qubits & the Bloch Sphere The EPR Paradox & Bell's Theorem Phase, Charge & the Aharonov–Bohm Effect Measuring a Spin-½ Particle & Larmor Precession A Ring Around a Solenoid: The Aharonov–Bohm Effect