Thermodynamics

Heat, temperature and engines: energy on the move.

Temperature, Heat & Specific Heat Phase Changes & Latent Heat Thermal Expansion Heat Transfer: Conduction & Convection Thermal Radiation What Metal Is It? Finding a Specific Heat Insulating a Ceiling Will All the Ice Melt? Working Off a Dessert A Full Petrol Tank in the Sun Stress in a Concrete Slab on a Hot Day Distance Between Atoms Taking Your Temperature Bridge Expansion Do Holes Expand or Contract? Ring on a Rod Opening a Tight Jar Lid Heat Depends on Specific Heat The Cup Cools the Tea Determining a Latent Heat Heat Loss Through Windows Cooling by Radiation Star Radius Kinetic Theory of Gases Humidity, Vapour Pressure & Dew Point PV Diagrams & The First Law of Thermodynamics The Second Law & Entropy: Why Gases Spread Out Tyre Pressure on a Hot Day Mixing Hot and Cold Water: Entropy Goes Up Why Not Throw a Closed Jar on a Fire Volume of One Mole at STP Helium in a Party Balloon Mass of Air in a Room Hydrogen Atom Mass How Many Molecules in One Breath Molecular Kinetic Energy Speeds of Air Molecules Less Gas in the Tank Average Speed and rms Speed Average and Most Probable Speed Coloured Rings on a Paper Towel Using the First Law Kinetic Energy to Thermal Energy Isothermal vs Adiabatic Work First Law: Isobaric and Isovolumetric Work Done in an Engine Compressing an Ideal Gas Entropy in a Free Expansion Entropy and Heat Transfer Free Expansion: Counting Microstates Heat Engines: Carnot, Otto, Diesel, Brayton & Stirling Refrigerators & Heat Pumps Power Station Efficiency and the Warm River The Otto Cycle: How Compression Sets Efficiency Making Ice: How Much Electricity Does a Freezer Use? Car Efficiency A Phony Claim Heat Pump
Playful Physics Further reading Feedback

Select a model

Spotted a mistake on this page? Report it