How trillions of particles add up to temperature and entropy.
Counting Microstates: Paramagnet & Einstein Solid Free Energy: Helmholtz & the Real Equilibrium Condition Chemical Potential & Diffusive Equilibrium Random Walks, Diffusion & Brownian Motion Two Einstein Solids Sharing Energy Temperature From Counting: The Einstein Solid The Entropy of Helium: Sackur–Tetrode Boltzmann Statistics & the Partition Function The Maxwell Speed Distribution Mean Free Path & Diffusion Which Gases Can a Planet Keep? The Rotational Spectrum of Carbon Monoxide Equipartition & Heat Capacities Two-State Systems & the Schottky Anomaly Hydrogen in Stellar Atmospheres: Boltzmann Meets Saha Fermi, Bose & Boltzmann Statistics The Degenerate Fermi Gas How Big Is a White Dwarf? Bose–Einstein Condensation Phase Transitions & the Van der Waals Model Spontaneous Magnetisation & the Curie Temperature Boiling Water on a Mountain